Rome's McArt
March 15, 2010
When Mario Resca, the former head of McDonald's Italy, was appointed by Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi to manage the country's 450 museums and archeological sites, he began by launching a bold - and controversial - campaign.
"If you don't visit it, we will take it away. In Italy, the greatest masterpieces of art history have been expecting you all along. Rediscover them!" This slogan appeared on posters around the city and on a YouTube video, showing the Colosseum in Rome as a construction site.
"We are saying museums are for you, for us, for everybody," Mario Resca told Deutsche Welle at the Culture Ministry in Rome, where he took up his new office in September of last year. "They're not only for experts, and museums are not only for tourists. I want the museums to be a normal part of life for Italians."
He added that competition for cultural tourism is growing all over the world and that countries are fighting to attract visitors to their culturally significant sites.
Last year, the Louvre in Paris recorded 8.5 million visitors. The Uffizi Gallery in Florence - with works by Caravaggio, Michelangelo and Boticelli - had only 1.6 million, according to Resca. He argues that Italy needs to do more to improve customer service at tourism sites, for example, by offering top-notch restaurants and bookshops inside, as well as new, multi-lingual guides and a friendlier staff.
Backlash from the arts community
However, some people in the arts are nervous about his new job description - to "add value" to Italy's cultural heritage.
"'Valorizazione' is the magic word that came out," said art history professor Silvia Ginzburg in Rome, "but you cannot give value to something if you don't study it."
One year ago, Ginzburg and several of her colleagues launched a petition online, protesting against policies they felt were "reducing art to a negotiable commodity" and "introducing a process of disposable consumerism" at Italy's cultural sites. They collected more than 7,000 signatures from academics, archeologists and museum directors from all over the world.
"Deciding to have one man coming from the McDonald's experience - or from any kind of experience, but nothing to do with art - we thought it was not good," said Ginzburg.
Critics also accuse Resca of having conflicts of interest. For example, he sits on the board of directors of Mondadori publishing house. One of its divisions, "Mondadori Electa," publishes art books and manages museum bookshops.
Italian culture faces budget crisis
However, one point the two sides can agree on is that Italy's cultural heritage is in desperate need of funding.
Resca is looking to ramp up revenues by renting out historical sites for product launches and by loaning works of art to foreign museums - a move Ginzburg vehemently opposes.
"I'm not saying you don't have to think about making money but I'm sure that you don't make more money like this," she said. "You make more money maybe today but you destroy everything."
Resca, however, disputes the accusation that he will ruin his country's cultural heritage.
"What is my role here? It's to develop and promote and motivate the team of outstanding experts that we have," said Resca. "We don't have the competence, because if you spend 40 years only studying antiquities or archeology, you don't know how to promote this. So, I'm assisting them."
Debate over cultural heritage intensifies
As Resca prepares to open an Italian exhibition of art in Tiananmen Square and celebrates the Culture Ministry's partnership with Google to digitize books in its two main national libraries, his critics seem determined to fight his appointment.
But Resca is used to the attacks - the same kind of attacks he said he faced when he tried to bring McDonald's to a country known for its rich food tradition.
"We don't have raw materials. We don't have energy. We don't have oil," said Resca. "Globalization is challenging everyone around the world, especially Europe. But we have leadership which is in our cultural assets."
While the competition for cultural tourism in Europe heats up, so, too, does the debate in Italy on how best to address it.
Author: Vanessa Johnston
Editor: Kate Bowen