Failing to deliver
September 1, 2009
The report, called "Doing Better for Children" was released simultaneously in Paris and Berlin on Tuesday and is meant to give policy guidelines to governments to secure better lives for young generations.
It's the first-ever comprehensive study of children's living standards, access to education and health in the 30 nations that are members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).
The group's indicators for a good life for children primarily include their material well-being. But the study also takes into account other factors such as housing, smoking rates, educational achievements as well as less tangible indicators such as bullying at school.
High public spending not delivering results
The report shows strikingly large differences in government spending on childcare, ranging from the equivalent of about $380,000 spent by Luxembourg per child until the age of 18 to just $24,000 dollars spent by Mexico.
But government spending isn't all that counts, according to the study's authors. One of them, Monika Queisser, said it is quality rather than quantity that matters.
"High spending does not necessarily mean that countries do well on the outcomes of children's well-being," Queisser told Deutsche Welle. "No single country does well on all counts. Each country has some positives and some negatives."
Germany, Great Britain and the United States, for example, are in a group of countries that spend about $145,000 on average per child until the age of 18. That is well above the OECD average of $126,000. But the report found that high public spending on child welfare in all three countries is failing to deliver results.
Germany lags when it came to offering children equal opportunities, particularly in education, the report said.On average, Germany spends 10 to 20 percent more on education, childcare services and direct cash handouts for parents. Despite that, almost every sixth child in Germany lives in relative poverty, the study pointed out.
By contrast, Britain has relatively high rates of teenage pregnancy, drunkenness and young people not in education, employment or training. And American youth suffer among the industrialized world's worst rates of infant mortality, teenage pregnancy and child poverty.
Learning from Scandinavia
Queisser said some of the woes could be blamed on the difficulties single parents face in getting access to jobs - a fact which is crucial to overcome child poverty.
The OECD expert also said that child welfare policies in Scandinavian countries are excellent, although children's' eating and drinking habits there are worrying.
But what the Scandinavians do really well, she said, is that they start early and focus on childcare infrastructure rather than direct cash benefits - something she recommends to other governments.
"Focus spending more on early childhood because that is the time when the foundation for the future is laid. We are also saying that they (governments) should seek to identify problem cases very early," she said. "Again it's much easier to help a disadvantaged child when it's young than to help them when they're teenagers.”
Queisser said this is especially important in the field of education. Finnish children, for example, are the best at school simply because the education system provides complete equality and maximum support for high-risk children.
Despite problems, Germany on the right track
For Germany, Monika Queisser called for the diversion of funds away from better-off children who don't really need them to those who do. But overall, Germany is on the right track, she said.
"We are seeing more childcare facilities opening. We are also seeing more parents getting incentives to return to work which is very important," Queisser said. "But at the same time it is still necessary to take a close look at the entire cash transfer and tax breaks system to ensure that there are not conflicting objectives being pursued. So I think what the government is doing goes in the right direction."
Uwe Hessler (sp)
Editor: Chuck Penfold