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「能打仗,打勝仗」

2013年7月31日

外國記者得以訪問中國的一個防空旅,被認為是當局營造政治透明形象努力的組成部分。德語媒體指出,中國領導人正試圖使本國武裝力量更具戰鬥力,同時又在意識心態上對之嚴加控制。

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LANZHOU, Feb. 6, 2013 (Xinhua) -- Xi Jinping (C), general secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and chairman of the CPC Central Military Commission (CMC), talks with technical personnel and army members at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on Feb. 2, 2013. Xi Jinping visited troops stationed in the nation's northwest ahead of the lunar new year, extending festival greetings and stressing frugality in the army. (Xinhua/Li Gang) (lmm) XINHUA /LANDOV
圖片來源: picture alliance / landov

德國之聲中文網)外國記者本周一(7月29日)參觀了距歷史古城西安35公里處的一個人民解放軍防空旅。這是外國媒介人士首次得到此類待遇。7月31日一期的《世界報》的一篇報導指出,該導彈部隊指揮官在作介紹時一再重複黨、國家和軍隊領導人習近平關於軍隊要「能打仗,打勝仗」的口號,頗具深意:

「關於打勝仗的口號的確不能光從字面上去理解。它其實是一種批評,是黨和國家及軍隊新的最高領導人習近平對軍隊的整個狀況所作批評的同義詞。習認為,軍隊已因腐敗、揮霍和低效而癱瘓,變得臃腫和尾大不掉,難以完成其本來的使命。在任9個月後,習顯然感覺自己已足夠強大,可以冒一場徹底控制這支230萬人軍隊的權力之爭的風險。……歷史上,類似的權力鬥爭並非首次發生。鄧小平和江澤民就曾經不得不進行這樣的權力鬥爭。1981年,鄧小平得以成功地將當時600萬人規模的軍隊縮減一半。江1998年解散了受腐敗的軍隊單位控制的握有重金的龐大經濟康采恩、走私壟斷集團和避稅倉庫。……從7月8日起,與對8200萬黨員的教育運動同時,為期一年的全軍教育運動啟動。不願透露姓名的一些持批評立場的知識分子擔心,這可能標誌著一個政治清洗時代的開始。他們指出,習試圖利用曾在歷史上遭人詬病的意識形態運動手法控制軍隊和黨。當年的意識形態運動慣用的名字有『群眾路線』、『批評與自我批評』、『深入基層』,等等。不清楚的是,習是真的出於信仰這麼做的,抑或僅僅是出於一種政治算計。不過,他關於蘇聯之亡是意識形態和物質上腐敗政黨的必然結果的說法,讓人更傾向於認為他是出於信仰。……

Naval honour guards stand as they wait for a review on China's aircraft carrier "Liaoning" in Dalian, Liaoning province, September 25, 2012. China's first aircraft carrier was delivered and commissioned to the Navy of the Chinese People's Liberation Army on Tuesday after years of refitting and sea trials. REUTERS/Xinhua/Zha Chunming (CHINA - Tags: MILITARY POLITICS) NO SALES. NO ARCHIVES. FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS. CHINA OUT. NO COMMERCIAL OR EDITORIAL SALES IN CHINA. YES
中國首艘航母「遼寧號」2012年9月編入現役圖片來源: Reuters

「記者首次被允許參觀軍事基地,這是國防部新聞攻勢戰的組成部分。2013年開年以來,中國政府漸漸掀開了迄今遮擋著軍隊真實面目的竹簾。今年一月,當局首次允許公佈了18個集團軍駐地的真實名字和編號。……」

Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) tanks rumble past Tiananmen Square during the National Day parade in Beijing on October 1, 2009. AFP PHOTO/FREDERIC J. BROWN (Photo credit should read FREDERIC J. BROWN/AFP/Getty Images)
中國軍費多年來每年增加圖片來源: Getty Images

拒絕雙邊峰會

日本政府特使、外務事務次官齋木昭隆本周訪華,帶來安倍晉三首相希望兩國首腦會晤的口信,但遭中方冷遇。《法蘭克福匯報》這樣分析北京拒絕現在舉行首腦會談的原因:

An aerial photo shows a Chinese marine surveillance ship Haijian No. 66 (C) cruising next to Japan Coast Guard patrol ships in the East China Sea, near known as Senkaku isles in Japan and Diaoyu islands in China, in this photo taken by Kyodo April 23, 2013. Japanese nationalists sailed a flotilla of boats on Tuesday in waters near islands at the centre of a row between China and Japan, putting further strain on Tokyo's tense ties with Beijing as a group of more than 160 Japanese lawmakers visited a shrine seen by critics a symbol of Japan's past militarism. Japanese and Chinese patrol ships have been playing a cat-and-mouse game near the Japanese-controlled East China Sea islands, where China is seeking to assert its claim to sovereignty by sending ships into the disputed waters. Mandatory Credit. REUTERS/Kyodo (JAPAN - Tags: POLITICS) FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS. MANDATORY CREDIT. JAPAN OUT. NO COMMERCIAL OR EDITORIAL SALES IN JAPAN. YES
日中艦船在東中國海上頻繁對峙圖片來源: Reuters

「通過此次訪問,日本希望向中國示好。兩國對日本所稱的尖閣諸島—中國所稱的釣魚島發生主權爭議。當地被認為漁業資源豐富,而且可能蘊藏能源。相關爭議撕裂了中國人來自第二次世界大戰的瘡疤。中國也對因選舉獲勝而地位更強的安倍的保守主義路線滿懷狐疑。有關據稱雙方正致力於實現兩國領導人會晤的報導激怒了北京。中國政府一名官員暫時排除了舉行峰會的可能性,他強調,日本政府須首先採取改善雙邊關係的具體措施。他也表示,日本政府顧問飯島勳關於峰會有望即將舉行的說法『與事實不符,是錯誤的』。這位官員甚至還表示,(日中)領導人在9月初的聖彼得堡G20峰會上會晤也『不太可能』」。

摘編:凝煉
責編:洪沙

[摘編自其它媒體,不代表德國之聲觀點]

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