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齊默爾曼無罪判決震動美國社會

2013年7月15日

槍殺美國黑人青年的白人警察齊默爾曼的無罪判決在美國引起巨大爭議。很多人認為判決含有種族歧視的因素。齊默爾曼被無罪釋放引起極大抗議。

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Protesters rally in response to the acquittal of George Zimmerman in the Trayvon Martin trial in Times Square in New York, July 14, 2013. U.S. President Barack Obama called for calm on Sunday after the acquittal of George Zimmerman in the shooting death of unarmed black teenager Trayvon Martin, as thousands of civil rights demonstrators turned out at rallies to condemn racial profiling. Zimmerman, cleared late on Saturday by a Florida jury of six women, still faces public outrage, a possible civil suit and demands for a federal investigation. REUTERS/Keith Bedford (UNITED STATES - Tags: CRIME LAW CIVIL UNREST)
ach Urteil圖片來源: Reuters

(德國之聲中文網)對槍殺17歲黑人青年特雷甕‧馬丁( Trayvon Martin)的保安齊默爾曼的無罪判決在全美引起強烈反響,成為各大電視台的重要新聞。在華盛頓一座主要為非裔美國天主教徒舉辦彌撒的教堂內,參加彌撒的教徒們對這一判決感到震驚。一位名叫拉伊蒙德(Raymond Umunna)的青年對德國之聲記者說:"一個白人槍殺一位非裔美國人。這很容易被說成是種族問題。不過我們應該小心,從中吸取教訓。"其他人講話則不像拉伊蒙德這樣嚴謹。一位不願透露姓名的婦女憤怒地咒罵司法人員判決不公。

法律面前並非人人平等

網路上對被判無罪的齊默爾曼和法院的詛咒和譴責鋪天蓋地。一位網民說,應該對齊默爾曼處以絞刑。另一位網民失望地寫道,在美國,並非法律面前人人平等。

Headshots of neighborhood watch volunteer George Zimmerman (R) who has been charged with second-degree murder of unarmed black teenager Trayvon Martin (L) are seen in this combination photograph from a Seminole County, Florida, Sheriff's Office booking photograph taken on April 11, 2012 and an undated handout photo released by the Martin family public relations representative . A special prosecutor in Florida charged Zimmerman with second-degree murder on April 11, 2012 in the shooting death of Martin, a move protesters had demanded for weeks in a racially charged case that has riveted the United States. REUTERS/Handouts (UNITED STATES - Tags: CRIME LAW POLITICS) THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS. FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS
槍殺美國黑人青年的齊默爾曼被判無罪圖片來源: Reuters

一位在教堂前賣報的老人嘆息道:"這是一件令人傷心的事情,"馬丁被殺害時畢竟手無寸鐵,他的命運不僅僅是因為他的種族,而且也是因為他的地位。因為齊默爾曼是法官的兒子。"他們可以想幹什麼就干什麼"。

對齊默爾曼的無罪判決也使主持彌撒的牧師受到震撼。他在主持彌撒時表示,他已經親身經歷過無數次種族歧視和被邊緣化的案例。

政界的責任

總部位於華盛頓的"美國進步中心"(Center for American Progress)的魏爾茨(Michael Werz)認為,政界應該對該事件承擔責任。他說,司法機構做出如此判決的責任在於政府。佛羅里達州的的"不退讓法""Stand Your Ground"規定,在與被檢查對象發生爭執並受到威脅的情況下,即便有脫離危險的可能性,也可以使用致命武器。 魏爾茨稱,該法律條款成為齊默爾曼等"私人警察"有空可鑽的"法律灰色區域"。這些武裝的私人警察在執行保安任務時,總是試圖驅趕那些被他們認為不屬於該區域的路人。

People yell during a rally in reaction to the acquittal of George Zimmerman in New York July 14, 2013. Thousands of protesters chanting "No justice, no peace" gathered in New York City on Sunday to protest the acquittal of George Zimmerman in the shooting death of unarmed black teenager Trayvon Martin, which prompted rallies across the country. REUTERS/Eric Thayer (UNITED STATES - Tags: CIVIL UNREST POLITICS CRIME LAW)
抗議者認為判決有種族主義因素圖片來源: Reuters


魏爾茨認為,毫無疑問,至少在這一點上種族歧視起到了推動作用。 "馬丁的確是具備了令人產生偏見的所有因素。" " 正是因為如此,該事件成為在美國引發一場大規模政治抗議運動的導火索。"

總統再次倡議嚴厲武器法

美國總統歐巴馬周日告誡國民尊重判決。他安慰被槍殺青年的父母說:"我要是有一個兒子,他會長得很像特雷甕。"歐巴馬希望借此事件再次推動實施嚴格槍枝管理法的計劃。美國人權活動家傑克遜(Jesse Jackson)指出,法院評審團內沒有黑人族群的代表。馬丁的父母指責當局只因其兒子是黑人而沒有進行認真調查。

魏爾茨對這些指責表示理解。他說:"人們常常會因其種族,膚色和社會地位低下而被警方和法院置於有罪的地位。"

系統的歧視? 

難道美國黑人領袖馬丁‧路德‧金(Martin Luther Kings )發表著名的演說"我有一個夢想"將近50年之後,美國的少數族群仍然一直受到系統地種族歧視嗎? 雖然絕大多數人認為不應有種族歧視,但是在美國膚色差異繼續發揮著作用,似乎是一種普遍的日常意識。

The crowd begins a short march for Trayvon Martin in Miami, Florida July 14, 2013. U.S. President Barack Obama called for calm on Sunday after the acquittal of George Zimmerman in the shooting death of black teenager Martin, as hundreds of civil rights demonstrators turned out at rallies to condemn racial profiling. REUTERS/Andrew Innerarity (UNITED STATES - Tags: POLITICS CRIME LAW CIVIL UNREST)
眾多人抗議判決不公正圖片來源: Reuters

當下,種族問題成為美國媒體和網路讨論的重點,也引發了一場高度情緒化的爭議。魏爾茨說:"現實情況是,偏見起著作用。在美國的日常生活中存在著種族主義。""但是,美國國內公民權運動的一個轉折點和所取得的巨大成功是,敦促政府將人人平等的原則嚴格立法。因此,在公共交通,大學和政府機構中,雖然系統化的種族歧視並非完全不可能,但是很難。"

作者:Gero Schließ   編譯:李京慧

責編:洪沙