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日本对中国忧心忡忡

2013年7月9日

日本内阁今天(7月9日)批准了防卫省提交的明显以中国为重心的“2013年度防卫白皮书”。德语媒体指出,该白皮书凸显了日本目前对中国的忧虑和不安。

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GettyImages 150849442 The Japanese flag flies outside their embassy in Beijing on August 28, 2012. Japan's foreign minister Koichiro Gemba labelled as 'very regrettable' an incident in Beijing in which the national flag was ripped off a car carrying Japan's ambassador, fanning diplomatic tensions. The incident came amid widespread anti-Japan demonstrations in China over a disputed East China Sea island chain known in China as Diaoyu and in Japan as Senkaku. AFP PHOTO/Mark RALSTON (Photo credit should read MARK RALSTON/AFP/GettyImages)
图像来源: AFP/Getty Images

(德国之声中文网)厚达434页的日本本年度防卫白皮书中,关于中国的部分占了三分之一,透露出对中国的高度不安和狐疑。7月9日一期的《法兰克福汇报》当代史栏目上的一篇署名文章对此有如下分析:

“(日本)前届政府在其(防卫)白皮书中便已表达了对中方在日本主权水域公开炫耀的扩张态势的忧虑。新届政府也在这里抬高了声调。……日本在新国防白皮书中尤其关注中国在太平洋上的扩军,首先同两国围绕东中国海上尖阁诸岛(中国称‘钓鱼岛’)的争议有关,该岛目前处于日本的行政管理之下。……从新白皮书中可以看到,中国武装力量过去数月来如何明显增加了在岛屿周围海域的存在。白皮书称,中国舰只侵入日本主权水域事件的数量从2012年9月以来明显增加,日本领空主权受破坏的情况类似。……白皮书明确称中国围绕尖阁诸岛的军事活动是侵入日本领海和领空,是‘导致不安全的危险行动’。白皮书要求中国承认和遵守国际法。日本政府也以(中国)军费大幅增加作为解释其对中国扩军忧虑的理由:过去24年来,北京的军事开支增加了29倍。安倍政府因此强调,日本也将在本年度小幅增加军事预算,而这是10年来首次,并且依然明显低于日本10年前的国防开支。

An aerial photo shows a Chinese marine surveillance ship Haijian No. 66 (C) cruising next to Japan Coast Guard patrol ships in the East China Sea, near known as Senkaku isles in Japan and Diaoyu islands in China, in this photo taken by Kyodo April 23, 2013. Japanese nationalists sailed a flotilla of boats on Tuesday in waters near islands at the centre of a row between China and Japan, putting further strain on Tokyo's tense ties with Beijing as a group of more than 160 Japanese lawmakers visited a shrine seen by critics a symbol of Japan's past militarism. Japanese and Chinese patrol ships have been playing a cat-and-mouse game near the Japanese-controlled East China Sea islands, where China is seeking to assert its claim to sovereignty by sending ships into the disputed waters. Mandatory Credit. REUTERS/Kyodo (JAPAN - Tags: POLITICS) FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS. MANDATORY CREDIT. JAPAN OUT. NO COMMERCIAL OR EDITORIAL SALES IN JAPAN. YES
日中船只在有争议岛屿附近海域互相监视成常态图像来源: Reuters

“防卫省在白皮书中比过去数年更明显突出了同美国的盟友关系对日本安全的重要性。白皮书赞扬了华盛顿愿意进一步密切同日本和韩国之间的伙伴关系。……很明显,考虑到来自中国的威胁,安倍内阁要重新赋予军方以更大的意义。步骤之一是修宪,删除宪法第9条所规定的弃武原则。”

美国经济自强?

欧盟和美国本周启动建立跨大西洋自贸区谈判程序,如果数年后,随着谈判成功,出现全球最大自贸区,对作为全球第二大经济体的中国将带来巨大影响。《商报》7月9日在一篇社论中指出,其实,随着中国经济高速增长不再,美国企业的目光多年来已逐步返诸本土,而这对中国的影响恐怕同样重大:

** FILE ** In this Feb. 12, 2008 file photo, the General Motors Corp. headquarters are shown in Detroit. General Motors Corp. on Tuesday, Dec. 2 said it needs $12 billion in government loans to keep operating, telling Congress in a bluntly worded report that its collapse could have "severe, long-term consequences to the U.S. economy." (AP Photo/Paul Sancya, file)
美国制造业有望重现昔日辉煌?图像来源: AP

“自作为增长引擎的中国从投资转向消费,原料需求爆炸已成往事。……整个图像已完全改变。中国不仅面对国内超额负债问题,而且也肯定已到达了增长率较低的更为成熟的阶段。印度或巴西等其他新兴国家失去了更多的神秘光彩。欧洲深陷危机而不拔,其情形比许多美国投资人所想象的更糟。德国的增长取决于中国,而德国工业在远景上也无法不受邻国疲弱市场之累而独善其身,这一点在华尔街已非秘密。……从长远的观点出发,美国制造业还将因中国国内薪资水平上升而受益。今天已经显示出,‘中国生产,美国消费’这一老公式已被打破,‘中美利坚’将进入平衡态势。所有这些加起来,将导致某些人过早取消了其工业国资格的美国重返旧有的强势。”

摘编:凝炼
责编:叶宣

[摘编自其它媒体,不代表德国之声观点]