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"媒体不是冷血杀手自我表现的平台"

2012年4月18日

1400名来自世界各地的记者涌入奥斯陆,报道去年夏天制造大规模血案的极右翼分子布莱维克案的庭审。在法庭上,布莱维克称去年夏天冷血杀害77条性命的做法是"正当防卫",要求获得无罪释放。

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An image of Norwegian mass killer Anders Behring Breivik is projected onto a screen in the press room, where journalists without access to the courtroom followed proceedings on large projector screens, during his terrorism and murder trial in Oslo April 16, 2012. Breivik, who massacred 77 people last summer, arrived under heavy armed guard at an Oslo courthouse on Monday, lifting his arm in what he has called a rightist salute as his trial began. Breivik, 33, has admitted setting off a car bomb that killed eight people at government headquarters in Oslo last July, then massacring 69 in a shooting spree at an island summer camp for Labour Party youths. REUTERS/Lise Aserud/Scanpix Norway (NORWAY - Tags: CRIME LAW) NO COMMERCIAL OR BOOK SALES. THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS. NORWAY OUT. NO COMMERCIAL OR EDITORIAL SALES IN NORWAY
1400名来自世界各地的记者涌入奥斯陆图像来源: Reuters

外界担心,布莱维克(Anders Breivik)恐怕想将法庭变成一个自我展示的舞台,在这个舞台上他要展示自己一种匪夷所思的疯狂的世界观。去年布莱维克被警方逮捕时就曾说过"宣传攻势正式开始了"。布莱维克是这样说的,也是这样做的。在法庭上,他清楚地知道,全世界都在看着他。

对报道这场审判的媒体来说呢?将布莱维克一脸冷笑的照片登在日报头版?在电视新闻中播放布莱维克行纳粹礼的镜头?如果媒体这样做的话,究竟是不是负责任的做法?会不会伤害到受害者家庭?媒体会不会被这个极端仇视伊斯兰的凶犯利用成宣扬自己极端思想的平台?目前在报道有关布莱维克案件审判过程时,新闻界提出了一连串的疑问。

只有一个问题是不容置疑的:庭审的经过是必须要报道的。媒体研究学者基斯勒(Alexander Kissler)说,性质如此恶劣的案件,媒体当然有巨大的报道兴趣。因为社会也需要一种解释,为什么凶犯会犯下如此之大的罪行?

Norwegian mass killer Anders Behring Breivik (C) arrives in courtroom 250 for the second day of his terrorism and murder trial, in Oslo April 17, 2012. Breivik, 33, has admitted setting off a car bomb that killed eight people at government headquarters in Oslo last July, then killing 69 in a shooting spree at a summer youth camp organised by the ruling Labour Party. The trial is scheduled to last 10 weeks, during which the court must rule on both his guilt, and his sanity. REUTERS/Hakon Mosvold Larsen/Pool (NORWAY - Tags: CRIME LAW)
布莱维克在法庭上图像来源: Reuters

但与此同时媒体在报道的过程中也不能太"纵情",太"恣意"。基斯勒说,媒体应该有舍弃掉一些内容的勇气。

在报道布莱维克案的新闻中,德国媒体的做法不尽相同。一些报纸没有刊登任何照片,一些媒体登载了法庭内拍摄的照片,还有一些追求轰动效应的街头小报刊登布莱维克的大幅照片,照片上还突出他做出的极端主义的手势和表情。

专家们表示,不能给凶手一个自我变成"英雄"的机会。媒体研究学者基斯勒说:"必须弄清楚一点,站在法庭上的被告必须对自己犯下的严重罪行负责。"德国记者联合会(DJV)也认为,媒体在报道这一事件的时候态度和方式应该更为谨慎。记者联合会主席科恩克(Michael Konken)强调说:"记者不能无意识地变成布莱维克的帮凶。"他说,被告就是瞄准了要利用媒体造势,记者千万不能上了他的当。

挪威媒体几乎没有例外都在全面报道布莱维克案的审理过程。昨天(4月17日)挪威发行量最大的报纸《晚邮报》在网页上登载了一张布莱维克的照片,照片上布莱维克露出得意的微笑。照片下方滚动着对庭审的现场文字报道。几个小时后这张照片被一张只能看到布莱维克背影的照片替代。

而挪威《日报》则在首页上刊登受害者的照片和文字介绍,《日报》网还专门制作了另一张主页,上面完全没有刊登有关布莱维克案的消息。

综合报道:洪沙

责编:叶宣