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永不停止的钟摆?

2013年8月23日

开城工业园重新开放,就离散家属团聚举行谈判——朝韩关系似乎正在回升。但专家警告,这可能只是欺骗性的表象。

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MOUNT KUMGANG, NORTH KOREA - NOVEMBER 03: (SOUTH KOREA OUT) South Korean Kim Sung-Bok (R), 90, meets his North Korean daughter Kim Hee-Sook (L), 61, during a family reunion after being separated for 60 years following the Korean War on November 3, 2010 in Mount Kumgang, North Korea. Red Cross officials from the two Koreas exchanged lists of families to be reunited - 100 names each - at a checkpoint in the border town of Kaesong in North Korea. (Photo by Kim Chang-Gil-Korea Pool/Getty Images)
图像来源: Getty Images

(德国之声中文网)4月,朝鲜半岛局势曾引发外界的强烈忧虑。人们担心,平壤的强硬辞令会引发军事冲突,甚至一场战争。毕竟,3月26日,朝鲜最高指挥部曾宣布,步兵和战略导弹部队进入备战状态,可打击韩国、日本、关岛、夏威夷等目标。

如今,朝韩似乎又关系缓和,开始展开合作。但专家警告,这在以往发生过,平壤随时可能故意使合作陷于停滞。

South Korean President Park Geun-Hye delivers a speech duirng a ceremony marking the 68th anniversary of the liberation from the Japan's 1910-45 colonial rule, in Seoul on August 15, 2013. Park has proposed on August 15 a family reunion event with the North a day after the two nations agreed on reopening a shuttered joint industrial zone in a sign of easing of tension. AFP PHOTO / POOL / JUNG YEON-JE (Photo credit should read JUNG YEON-JE/AFP/Getty Images)
朴槿惠:"我们一刻也不能放松"图像来源: JUNG YEON-JE/AFP/Getty Images

在合作与冲突之间摆动

过去三十年,朝韩关系一直处于钟摆状态。首尔国际危机组织的品克斯顿(Daniel Pinkston)表示,1983年,朝鲜间谍企图谋杀正在访问缅甸的韩国总统全斗焕。过了不到两年,平壤已经在透过红十字会向韩国严重洪灾的受害者提供援助了。

1999年6月,局面再次发生转折。朝鲜企图重新划分半岛西岸的海域边界,导致一场持续五天的海战,朝鲜一艘鱼雷艇沉默,另有五艘舰只受损,30人死亡。韩国方面,两艘战舰受损,九名海军受伤。一年后,首次朝鲜半岛峰会在平壤举行,韩国总统金大中后来为此获得诺贝尔和平奖殊荣。

然而,2002年6月,双方再度发生冲突,在延坪岛附近发生海战,13名朝鲜海员死亡,四名韩国军人丧生。

KAESONG, NORTH KOREA - AUGUST 14: (SOUTH KOREA OUT) A general view of North Korea's Kaesong industrial complex from Kaesong Industrial District Management Committee on August 14, 2013 in Kaesong, North Korea. North Korea withdrew over 50,000 of its staff from the factories owned by Seoul in April of this year, and South Korea removed managers in May, during the height of tensions between the two nations. (Photo by Lee Seung-Hwan-Korea Pool/Getty Images)
开城工业园恢复开放图像来源: Getty Images

不抱过高期待

近日,双方约定本周五(8月23日)举行谈判,内容是韩国提议安排1953年朝鲜半岛战争后离散家属的团聚。在双边关系中,这可视为一个突破,因为上次离散家属团聚已是2010年的事。在恢复开城工业园区的谈判上也取得进展。平壤还推动金刚山旅游区的重新启动。

品克斯顿不排除,这些谈判过后可能会有一轮新的对抗。"朝鲜可能提出一些无理要求,让韩国无法同意,从而使谈判中断。"

近来,韩国统一部长官柳吉在压低了对双边关系迅速得到改善的期待。他说,许多事务没有快速的解决途径,必须一步一步慢慢来。

品克斯顿表示,朝鲜为达到目的使用不同的方法。"有时展示自己的强大,有时又提出谈判和妥协。"他警告,如果朝鲜达不到目的,可能会转而采取攻击性的姿态。

有很多理由让人不能对朝鲜半岛关系的迅速改善过于乐观。韩国本周举行为期两天的听证会,由"脱北者"讲述,是联合国对侵犯人权的内容之一。

与此同时,美国和韩国举行8万人参加的联合军演,旨在保卫韩国抵御来自朝鲜的进攻。平壤通常作出愤怒反应,称军演为"极端威胁"。

韩国总统朴槿惠表示:"为国家和人民的安全,我们一刻也不能放松。"

War veterans and commanding officers who took part in a military parade held in celebration of the 60th anniversary of the signing of the truce of the Korean War greet North Korean leader Kim Jong-Un, in this undated photo released by North Korea's Korean Central News Agency (KCNA) in Pyongyang on August 3, 2013. REUTERS/KCNA (NORTH KOREA - Tags: POLITICS CONFLICT MILITARY) ATTENTION EDITORS - THIS PICTURE WAS PROVIDED BY A THIRD PARTY. REUTERS IS UNABLE TO INDEPENDENTLY VERIFY THE AUTHENTICITY, CONTENT, LOCATION OR DATE OF THIS IMAGE. FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. NO THIRD PARTY SALES. NOT FOR USE BY REUTERS THIRD PARTY DISTRIBUTORS. THIS PICTURE IS DISTRIBUTED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS
朝鲜下一步走哪一步棋?图像来源: Reuters

朝鲜:关系或"无法挽回"

朝鲜的和平统一委员会对朴槿惠的表态作出回应,称如果首尔继续寻求对抗,两国关系将无可避免地受到损害,可能会"无法挽回"。

朝鲜还宣称,首尔之所以重返家属团聚、开城和金刚山事宜的谈判桌,是为了"转移公众视线",让人们不再关注"韩国国内的政治丑闻"。

作者:Julian Ryall 编译:苗子

责编:石涛